Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer

343 U.S. 579·1952

What the Court Decided

Struck down President Truman's seizure of steel mills during the Korean War, establishing a three-zone framework for analyzing presidential power relative to congressional authorization.

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Cited In

Learning Resources v. Trump

2025 Term · 24-1287

Both sides relied on Justice Jackson's concurrence framework. The government placed the tariffs in Zone 1 (President acts with congressional authorization). Challengers argued this is Zone 3 (President acts contrary to Congress's will) because Congress reserved tariff power to itself.