United States v. Virginia (VMI)

518 U.S. 515·1996

What the Court Decided

Struck down Virginia Military Institute's male-only admissions policy, holding that the state failed to show an exceedingly persuasive justification for excluding women who could meet the school's requirements.

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Cited In

Little v. Hecox

2025 Term · 24-38

Used by both sides: petitioners argued VMI supports separate women's spaces, while respondents argued it shows sex-based exclusions fail when the justification doesn't apply to qualified individuals in the excluded group.

West Virginia v. B.P.J.

2025 Term · 24-43

Cited by the U.S. for the proposition that sex classifications are generally impermissible because men and women are generally similarly situated, except for 'real, enduring' biological differences.