Thornburg v. Gingles

478 U.S. 30·1986

What the Court Decided

Established the test for vote dilution under Section 2 requiring plaintiffs to show a sufficiently large and compact minority group, political cohesion, and majority bloc voting that usually defeats minority candidates.

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Cited In

Louisiana v. Callais

2025 Term · 24-109

Established the three-precondition framework for Section 2 vote dilution claims that is at the heart of the constitutional challenge. All parties debated whether this framework should be revised, limited, or maintained.