South Dakota v. Dole

483 U.S. 203·1987

What the Court Decided

The Court upheld Congress's power to condition highway funds on states raising the drinking age, establishing a multi-factor test for permissible conditions on federal spending.

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Cited In

Landor v. Louisiana Department of Corrections and Public Safety

2025 Term · 23-1197

Established the framework for evaluating Spending Clause conditions, including requirements of clear notice, germaneness, non-coercion, and no independent constitutional bar. Both sides rely on this framework.